Leishmania mexicana H‐line attenuated under pressure of gentamicin, potentiates a Th1 response and control of cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice

An attenuated line of Leishmania mexicana (the L. mexicana H-line) has been established by culturing in vitro under gentamicin pressure. BALB/c mice infected with the L. mexicana H-line developed a CD4(+)Th1-like response, indicated by the cytokine profile of their splenocytes stimulated by L. mexicana wild-type (WT) promastigotes. This profile is sustained after these mice are challenged with L. mexicana WT. Control mice infected with L. mexicana WT alone developed a CD4(+)Th2-like cytokine profile. In mice immunized with L. mexicana H-line and then challenged with WT-line, were eliminated when immunizing H-line parasites persisted in the skin and draining popliteal lymph nodes (PLNs). In experiments in which mice were inoculated with attenuated and WT parasites at the same time, either at the same site or on separate sides of the mouse, growth of the WT parasites was significantly contained and controlled, indicating a possible therapeutic role for the attenuated parasites.