Simulation of Impact Penetration and Perforation of Metal Targets Using the Smoothed Particle Galerkin Method

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This paper applies the smoothed particle Galerkin (SPG) method to the analysis of penetration and perforation of metal targets. The SPG weak form is integrated using the direct nodal integration (DNI) technique with a nonresidual penalty–type stabilization term derived from strain smoothing. An adaptive anisotropic Lagrangian kernel is used to model the large deformation in the penetration and perforation processes. To model material breakup and fragmentation while avoiding potential spurious self-healing of meshfree approximations used in the failure analysis, a strain-based bond failure mechanism is implemented and the sensitivity to the failure criterion is numerically investigated. Two experiments are analyzed using the SPG formulation. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data to evaluate the effectiveness of the present method. The convergence behavior of the SPG formulation is also studied.