Numerical simulation reveals five distinct breaking modes during internal solitary wave shoaling over slopes, indicating that wave breaking regimes are governed by the internal Iribarren number.
The interaction between fully nonlinear Miyata-Choi-Camassa (MCC) internal solitary waves and topographic slopes are modeled by direct numerical simulation. The immersed boundary method is employed to describe the no-slip boundary of the slopes and a novel iterative Neumann boundary condition (INBC) enforcement strategy is proposed to ensure local mass conservation. The wave Reynolds numbers Rew used in the present work (∼104), although less than those of field scales (106−107), but are an order of magnitude greater than those in most laboratory scale experiments and previous numerical simulations (∼103). In the present study, three main internal wave breaking types (collapsing, plunging, and surging) together with two mixed mode breaking types (collapsing-plunging and plunging-surging) are observed for MCC wave shoaling process. The different breaking mechanisms are found to be related to the internal Iribarren number. New breaking regimes, breaking location criterion, and the maximum velocity prediction are also proposed.
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Zhu et al. (2017) studied this question.
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