The lattice dynamics and crystal stability of bromine have been studied using an interaction potential which includes atom–atom and Coulombic terms. It was found that in addition to high order electrostatic terms, a specific interaction of the form −D/r8 between nearest neighbor atoms, which is identified as an induced dipole-induced quadrupole term, is needed to stabilize the observed orthorhombic structure and to give a good fit with other static and dynamical observables.
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Gamba et al. (1984) studied this question.
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