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A general joint probability distribution between structure factors is derived and is expressed as an exponential of the free energy for a system of interacting atoms. The free energy is an explicit function of the atomic densities and the interatomic potentials. In the limit of infinite temperature, energy effects are unimportant and the probability distribution becomes identical to those derived by Hauptman & Karle [The Solution of the Phase Problem. I. The Centrosymmetric Crystal. (1953). ACA Monogr. Wilmington: The Letter Shop; Acta Cryst. (1959), 12, 93–97] and Bricogne [Acta Cryst. (1984), A40, 410–445].
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Ian Castleden (1992) studied this question.
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