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CTGF/CCN2 is involved in many cellular events related to proliferation and migration. Its main physiological role is related to the promotion of endochondral ossification, besides regeneration, protection of bone and articular cartilage, and angiogenesis. Skeletogenesis, the process by which bone and articular elements are formed, comprises endochondral and intramembranous ossification. However, the signaling pathways that mediate CTGF/CCN2 expression in chondrocytes have not been fully understood. Osteoarthritis, defined by synovial inflammation, hyaline cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone thickening that affects the whole synovial joint. CTGF/CCN2 is expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes of chondro-osteophytes, resembling the normal endochondral ossification appearance. Hence, the goal of this paper is to review the role of CTGF/CCN2 in skeletogenesis, focusing on cartilage repair and the development of OA.
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Sousa et al. (2020) studied this question.
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