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Fourteen gracilis muscle transpositions were performed on 13 patients. Long-term follow-up study (mean, 22 months) revealed good to excellent results in patients who sustained trauma to the sphincter or who had a history of a congenital anorectal anomaly. Patients with neurologic impairment and bowel management difficulties, which antedated the transposition, did less well or poorly.
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Marvin et al. (1980) studied this question.
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