Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia among hypertensive patients attending a secondary healthcare center in southwestern Nigeria

Introduction: The prevalence of dyslipidemia is increasing globally with accompanied morbidities and mortalities. There is a paucity of data in Nigeria on the prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult hypertensive patients and this study aimed to assess the serum levels of lipids among hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study of 354 hypertensive patients was conducted at the State Hospital, Oyo, Nigeria. The systematic sampling technique was used to recruit hypertensive patients, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 23. Linear regressions were conducted to determine the predictors of dyslipidemia. Results: Three hundred fifty-four patients who met the criteria for recruitment were interviewed. The mean age of the respondents was 52.60 (SD ± 8.26) years. The prevalence of elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was 43.6% (154), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in males was 25.4% (18/71), low HDL in females was 30.7% (87/283), elevated triglycerides was 1.4% (5), and elevated cholesterol was 29.9% (106). For every 1 unit increase in subscapularis skinfold, there was a statistically significant increase in triglyceride by about 0.036 units (95% CI = 0.032–0.040, P = 0.0001). For every 1 unit increase in triceps skinfold, there was a statistically significant increase in LDL by about 0.096 units (95% CI = 0.019–0.172, P = 0.013). For every 1 unit increase in hip circumference, there was a statistically significant decrease in HDL by about 0.007 units (95% CI = −0.009 to 0.013, P = 0.019). Conclusions: This study has facilitated the characterization of this population of hypertensive patients in terms of dyslipidemia, and this would be beneficial in their treatment and future care. Among these hypertensive patients, subscapularis, triceps skinfold thickness, and hip circumference predicted abnormal lipid profile.