Key result
One year after COVID-19 pneumonia, impaired LV GLS was present in 57.5% of patients and was associated with worse diastolic function (e' 10.8 vs 12.8 cm/s, p=0.045) and coronary artery disease.
Why the study?
Studying the long-term impact of a complicated course of COVID-19 infection on the cardiovascular system after hospital discharge is of high significance.
Observational (n=116)
Absolute Event Rate: 10.8% vs 12.8%
p-value: p=0.045
Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction, indicated by impaired global longitudinal strain, persists in over half of patients one year after COVID-19 pneumonia despite preserved ejection fraction.
Background. Studying the impact of complicated course of new coronavirus infection on the cardiovascular system in the long term after patient discharge from hospital is of high significance. Purpose. To compare the clinical and echocardiographic parameters of persons with history of verified COVID-19 pneumonia one year after discharge from hospital depending on the value of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS). Material and Methods. A total of 116 patients (50.4% men) aged 49.0 ± 14.4 years (from 19 to 84 years) with history of verified COVID-19 pneumonia were examined one year ± three weeks after discharge. The parameters of left ventricular global and segmental longitudinal strain were studied in 80 patients with optimal quality of echocardiographic visualization. Patients were divided into groups depending on the LV GLS value: group 1 included 35 patients with normal LV GLS (<–20%); group 2 comprised 45 patients with impaired LV GLS (≥–20%). The groups did not differ in age (p = 0.145), severity of lung injury during hospitalization (p = 0.691), duration of hospitalization (p = 0.626), and frequency of stay in the intensive care unit (p = 0.420). Results. Abnormal values of LV GLS one year after discharge were found in 57.5% of patients with optimal visualization quality while the LV ejection fraction (EF) was normal in all patients. The majority of patients in group 2 were men (71.1% vs 28.6%, p < 0.001). A combination of coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension (AH) was more often diagnosed in this group (22% vs 6%, p = 0.040). The values of LV EF did not differ between the groups. The values of LV GLS were significantly worse in patients of group 2 (–17.6 ± 1.9% vs –21.8 ± 1.2%, p < 0.001). Moreover, the parameters of diastolic function including the left atrial emptying volume index (1.3 ± 0.3 mL/m2 vs 1.4 ± 0.3 mL/m2, р = 0.052) and velocity of the lateral part of the mitral valve fibrous ring e’ (10.8 ± 4 .4 cm/s vs 12.8 ± 4.0 cm/s, p = 0.045) were also lower in this group. Conclusions. The LV GLS was impaired in 57.5% patients with normal LV EF one year after COVID-19 pneumonia. In the group with impaired LV GLS, men predominated; coronary artery disease was more often detected in combination with AH; and parameters of LV diastolic function were worse compared with the corresponding parameters in the group of patients with normal LV GLS.
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Yaroslavskaya et al. (2023) conducted an observational in COVID-19 pneumonia (n=116). Impaired LV GLS (≥–20%) vs. Normal LV GLS (<–20%) was evaluated on Velocity of the lateral part of the mitral valve fibrous ring e' (p=0.045). One year after COVID-19 pneumonia, impaired LV GLS was present in 57.5% of patients and was associated with worse diastolic function (e' 10.8 vs 12.8 cm/s, p=0.045) and coronary artery disease.
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