Calculation of turbulent boundary layers on rough surfaces in pressure gradient.

Rough surface skin-friction relations previously described in the literature are expanded in scope and range of applicability . The resulting equations are combined with the momemtum integral equation and an auxiliary equation for the shape factor to provide a calculation method for predicting the growth of the turbulent boundary layer over a rough surface in pressure gradient. Several comparisons have been made between the calculation method and available experimental data in zero, favorable, and adverse pressure gradients. The agreement in general is good.