Simultaneous ground based observations of an auroral arc in daytime/twilighttime O I 630.0 nm emission and by incoherent scatter radar

We present the ground‐based oxygen 630.0 nm daytime optical measurements of a discrete auroral arc from Sondre Stromfjord, Greenland. The optical measurements were made using an imaging echelle spectrograph built at Boston University. We show that the auroral optical signature extracted from the blue‐sky background agrees closely in both space and time with the aurorally enhanced electron densities at 200 km altitude obtained simultaneously by the incoherent scatter radar. The dayglow measurements are also in good agreement with the integrated emission rates modeled using the measured Ne, Te, and Ti profiles from the radar. The results reported in this paper demonstrate the potential of this spectrograph to observe aurora during daytime, and it promises to be a valuable complement to the existing tools for the investigation of upper atmospheric phenomena.