The effects of progesterone on plasminogen, and synthetic progestins on plasminogen and other human plasma proteins were studied in humans. Cyproterone and Δ1-chlormadinone acetates were studied in monkeys. Haptoglobin and plasminogen were significantly elevated by norethindrone and its acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate, whereas fibrinogen was not changed by any of the drugs. Progesterone did not significantly increase plasminogen in 4 men. Norethindrone and norethindrone acetate induced significant increases in the levels of β-glucuronidase, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), and serum cortisol without change in the nonprotein-bound cortisol concentration. Thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) was significantly increased by norethindrone but not its acetate. Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) remained unchanged. Cyproterone and Δ1-chlormadinone acetates did not change any plasma proteins in monkeys but serum cortisol was significantly decreased by Δ1-chlormadinone acetate. The elevation of CBG with norethindrone is in all likelihood related to its known estrogenic breakdown products. The effects of gestagens on plasma proteins studied, particularly fibrinogen and haptoglobin, are different from the effects of estrogens or oral contraceptive agents, which contain progestins in combination with estrogen.
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Barbosa et al. (1971) studied this question.