Repolarization abnormalities unmasked with a 252‐lead BSM system in patients with ARVC and healthy gene carriers

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Explanation of color codes used for repolarization vectors in relation to QRS vector [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

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  FIGURE 2. Examples of normal repolarisation (pattern 1) as recorded by the Body Surface Mapping system in two controls and in one healthy gene carrier. The repolarisation pattern 1 on the front and back of the chest recorded from the 252‐leads BSM vest in two healthy controls (A and B) and in one healthy gene carrier (C). Note that the repolarisation patterns seen in normals and also in this gene carrier, were similar with negative concordant T waves (green dots) both at the right Front and right Back panels, while the T waves change successively from negative concordant (green dots) at the upper half of the left Front panel, to positive disconcordant (red dots) in the middle and finally positive concordant (blue dots) at the bottom. R = right, L = left (green = negative concordant T waves; red = positive diconcordant; blue = positive concordant; purple = negative disconcordant T waves; yellow = isoelectric or biphasic T waves, or inconclusive concordance; grey = none or too noisy signals) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

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  FIGURE 3. Examples of abnormal repolarization (pattern 2) recorded in two ARVC patients and one healthy gene carrier. Repolarisation pattern 2 on the front and back of the chest recorded in two ARVC patients (A and B) and one healthy gene carrier (C). Note that despite the interindividual variations in the leftB panels, all three patients had similar patterns in the rightF and rightB panels with mainly negative concordant T waves (green dots). The characteristic pattern seen in the leftF pattern in normal individuals (repolarisation pattern 1) has disappeared. Same abbreviations as in figure 2 [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

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  FIGURE 4. Examples of abnormal repolarization (pattern 3) recorded in two ARVC patients and one healthy gene carrier. Repolarization pattern 3 on the front and back of the chest recorded in two ARVC patients (A and B) and one healthy gene carrier (C). Note the variable repolarisation in all four panels. Same abbreviations as in figure 2 [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

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  FIGURE 5. The repolarization index in all study subjects. Note that positive index values indicate an abnormal repolarization pattern 2 or 3 and that negative ones mainly indicate a normal repolarization pattern 1. The repolarization index successfully identified all patients with normal repolarization pattern 1 and the majority (88%) of patients with an abnormal repolarization pattern. Two patients with repolarization patterns that visually were defined as abnormal were evaluated as normal according to the repolarization index [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]