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Metal-free phthalocyanines were prepared in good yields by heating phthalonitriles with hexamethyldisilazane, (NH4)2SO4, and DMF. Good yields of metal-free phthalocyanines involving peripherally substituted phthalocyanines were attained with a catalytic amount of hexamethyldisilazane. Naphthalocyanine was also prepared. Additional additives were examined to accelerate the formation of the phthalocyanine framework.
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Uchida et al. (2004) studied this question.
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