Forest Associations of Southeast Lublin Province, Poland

Varied soils and topography support a wide range of forest associations, from raised bog with pine through pine, oak, beech, and fir forests to floodplain alder carr and xeric hazelnut brush. There is no single climatic climax, but beech and fir forests together prevail in the climax pattern. Ten associations were studied by the method of Braun—Blanquet and also subjected to a limited gradient analysis. The associations were arranged in a plexus by community similarity values and in a two—dimensional Wisconsin ordination. Species diversities, Raunkiaer life—forms, and environmental measurements show patterns of change through the pattern of communities represented in the ordinations.