Improvement in phosphorus nutrition of wheat plants grown in a calcareous sandy soil by incorporating chemical phosphorus fertilizer with some selected organic substances

Established fertilizer recommendations for wheat is urgently required to enhance the application efficiency of commercial phosphorus (P) fertilizers. This study evaluated the effect of inorganic P combined with some organic supplements i.e., citric acid (CA) or pigeon manure juice (PMJ), on alkaline-calcareous soil as well as plant measurements and phosphorus efficiency parameters of wheat (Triticum durum ’Boussalem’). Different concentrations of P in solution i.e., 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.40 mg l−1, were worked out theoretically using the Freundlich model. A greenhouse study was conducted on a permanent layout with three replicates. As a result, phosphorus in the control was 0.493 mg P pot−1. However, in amended pots with organic substances, the averages of P uptake were 0.701 and 0.785 mg P pot−1, respectively for PMJ and CA treatments. A lower P requirement of 0.195 and 0.245 mg P l−1 may be required in CA and PMJ treatments, compared to the control treatments (0.345 mg P l−1). In addition, the phosphorus absorption efficiency (PAE) was higher in the CA and PMJ treatments. So, it is recommended to apply P fertilizers with poultry manure juice as an alternative solution in order to improve the efficiency of inorganic P fertilizers and consequently reduce their application rates in alkaline calcareous soils.