Improved Post-Resuscitation Survival Time with Adjuvant Cytosolic Energy Replenishment in a Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Refractory Shock

Objective: A refractory haemorrhagic hypovolemic shock (HS) resuscitation is challenging. HS is associated with profound depletions of cellular energy nucleotides that can cause death from a cardio-circulatory arrest. To prevent an imminent cardio-circulatory arrest, vasopressors, commonly norepinephrine is usually temporarily administered to manage a persistent hypotension that is not corrected by aggressive resuscitation efforts. The objective of this study is to determine the post-resuscitation survival time after adjuvant resuscitations of a refractory HS with norepinephrine, vasopressin or direct cytosolic energy (adenosine-5`-triphosphate, ATP) replenishment using lipid vesicles encapsulating ATP (ATPv).