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Ledge formation, that is the iatrogenically created irregularity in the root canal that impedes access of instruments to the apex, and canal blockage caused by packing dentin chips and/or tissue debris are the least‐studied parameters of root canal instrumentation. Variables associated with ledge formation and canal blockage by dentin chips and/or tissue debris are presented. Emphasis is given to their most common causes, recognition, management, prognosis, and prevention.
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T. Lambrianidis (2006) studied this question.
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