Zinc-containing phosphate-based glasses for tissue engineering

It has been shown that the addition of zinc to hydroxyapatite promotes osteoblast cell adhesion (Ishaug et al 1994 J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 28 1445-53). Therefore, this study presents a series of phosphate-based glass compositions that contain varying amounts of zinc in order to promote osteoblast cell adhesion. The compositions investigated were P(50)Ca((40-x))Na(10) where x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mol%. The dissolution rate and effect on pH of glass discs were investigated and ion release from the glass discs was examined in distilled water at 37 degrees C after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days. The attachment of osteoblast-like cells (HOB) was observed by SEM on the glass discs. A linear decrease in the %mass of the glass discs was observed for all compositions for the duration of the study. The dissolution rates were similar for all the compositions. After 7 days, a mass loss of 3-6% was observed for all the compositions. The pH of distilled water decreased to a range of pH 4.5-5.5 from pH 7 after 1 day, and remained in this range for the duration of the study. The composition containing 0 mol% Zn reduced the pH to a lesser extent than the composition containing the highest amount of Zn. Furthermore, Zn(2+) ion release was observed from all the Zn-containing compositions. These glass compositions may therefore be suitable for tissue engineering applications.