Association between Intraoperative Blood Transfusion, Regional Anesthesia and Outcome after Pediatric Tumor Surgery for Nephroblastoma

Figures

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  Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier estimates of (A) overall survival and (B) recurrence-free survival in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for nephroblastoma (n = 65). Survival analysis using a log-rank test compared patients with (black line) or without (grey line) intraoperative administration of packed red blood cells (PRBC). Censored events are marked with upright ticks. P-values as annotated.

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  Figure 2. (A) Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival (i) and recurrence-free survival (ii) in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for nephroblastoma (n = 65). Survival analysis using a log-rank test compared patients with (black line) or without (grey line) intraoperative use of regional anesthesia (RA). (B) Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival (i) and recurrence-free survival (ii) in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for nephroblastoma (n = 65). Survival analysis using a log-rank test compared patients in whom anesthesia was either maintained with volatile anesthetics (balanced anesthesia, black line) or with total intravenous anesthesia using propofol (TIVA, grey line). Censored events are marked with upright ticks. p-values as annotated.

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  Figure 3. (A) Analysis of postoperative length of stay (in days) on the intensive care unit (ICU) in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for nephroblastoma. Data are presented as boxplots (median with quartiles, whiskers representing minimum and maximum). Patients were categorized into groups in accordance with their respective intraoperative treatment: (i) intraoperative administration of packed red blood cells (PRBC, white boxplot) vs. no administration of PRBC (grey boxplot) and (ii) no regional anesthesia as part of the anesthetic regimen (white boxplot) vs. perioperative use of regional anesthesia (RA, grey boxplot). (B) Analysis of the time to discharge (in days) after tumor surgery for nephroblastoma in pediatric patients. Patients were categorized into groups in accordance with their respective intraoperative treatment: (i) intraoperative administration of packed red blood cells (PRBC, white boxplot) vs. no administration of PRBC (grey boxplot) and (ii) no regional anesthesia as part of the anesthetic regimen (white boxplot) vs. perioperative use of regional anesthesia (RA, grey boxplot). * p < 0.05 for comparison as indicated.

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  Figure 4. Analysis of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for nephroblastoma at three different timepoints: at the time of diagnosis (@diagnosis), pre-operatively (PRE-op) and postoperatively (POST-op). Patients were categorized into groups in accordance with the according to their respective intraoperative treatment: (A) intraoperative administration of packed red blood cells (PRBC, white boxplots) vs. no administration of PRBC (grey boxplots) and (B) no regional anesthesia as part of the anesthetic regimen (white boxplots) vs. perioperative use of regional anesthesia (RA, grey boxplots). Data are presented as boxplots (median with quartiles, whiskers representing minimum and maximum). * p < 0.05 for comparison as indicated.