Microstructural and compositional analyses of the low-temperature sintered Pb(Zr, Ti)O3-based ceramics have been carried out using scanning and transmission electron microscopies. A continuous amorphous grain-boundary phase is observed in 0.5 wt% MnO2-added 0.92Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3-0.05BiFeO3-0.03Ba(Cu0.5W0.5)O3 ceramics during the sintering at 935° C. The composition of the phase is concluded to be lead, copper and possibly iron oxides. Therefore, lowering of the sintering temperature on the ceramics is explained by an enhancement of the densification via the formation of this amorphous phase.
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Murakami et al. (1995) studied this question.
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