Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
JC virus in saliva, oropharyngeal fluid, blood, and urine samples obtained from 58 human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons and 58 matched controls was investigated by performing quantitative polymerase chain reaction. JC virus was rarely present in oropharyngeal fluid and blood samples, even in those obtained from immunosuppressed individuals, but it was commonly detected in urine samples from both groups, suggesting that urine contributes to transmission.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Berger et al. (2006) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: