Oxygen interstitial defects in silicate apatite have been imaged directly using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The accommodation of interstitial oxygen anions in the host lattice network gives rise to larger defective areas than a single oxygen atom, which enables imaging of the extended defect. A new model is proposed to account for excess oxygen and its solubility in apatite that is consistent with neutron diffraction data.
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Zhang et al. (2012) studied this question.