A nanostructured transparent organic light emitting diode (TrOLED) with a periodically perforated tungsten trioxide (WO3) layer is proposed to improve the light extraction efficiency of TrOLEDs. The embedded nanostructure enhances the outcoupling of the waveguide modes and the surface plasmon mode. Improved outcoupling efficiency can be achieved with negligible influence on the transmittance or optical clarity.
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Choi et al. (2013) studied this question.
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