Arothron firmamentum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) is redescribed; it is returned to genus Arothron Muller, 1841 on the basis of osteology, nostril structure, and lateral line pattern. Tetrodon gillbanksii Clark is returned to synonymy with A. firmamentum . Known latitudinal distribution limits extend between approximately 25°‐37°N and 27°‐43°S. Gene pool reinforcement between both hemispheres, if not still occurring, may have been by means of isothermic submergence.
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Graham S. Hardy (1980) studied this question.
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