Thermodynamic studies related to emulsion polymerization

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Liquid–liquid and vapor–liquid phase equilibria for the binary, ternary, and quaternary systems of vinyl acetate, surfactant, water, and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) were obtained using liquid–liquid equilibria, inverse gas chromatography, and the headspace methods. The Flory–Huggins interaction parameters for the different species in the emulsion polymerization of PVAc latices are reported. These parameters could not be used to predict the phase equilibria because of their strong dependence on concentration. The UNIFAC‐vdW‐FV model was applied to predict the vapor–liquid equilibria in the binary and ternary systems containing vinyl acetate, 4‐nonylphenol polyethoxilate surfactant, and PVAc. The predicted results compare favorably with the experimental data for all systems. Diffusion coefficients were also measured for the solvents in the PVAc. Analysis confirmed that the diffusion in the latex particles was so fast compared to the reaction that the assumption of uniform monomer composition through the particles was valid. On the other hand, the results indicate that the complex thermodynamic interactions will lead to changes with time in the monomer concentration in the reacting polymer phase.