Key result
CSFV subgenotype 2.1c and 2.1d strains exhibited lower replication levels in vitro and less pathogenicity in an experimental animal infection model compared with the highly virulent CSFV SM strain.
Why the study?
Subgenotype 2.1 has become dominant in China since 2000, prompting evaluation and comparison of the replication characteristics and clinical signs of newly isolated subgenotype 2.1c and 2.1d strains with the typical highly virulent CSFV SM strain.
CSFV subgenotype 2.1c and 2.1d strains circulating in China are moderately virulent compared to the highly virulent SM strain.
Evolving CSFV 2.1c/d strains warrant ongoing surveillance; leaves open whether C-strain vaccine updates are needed.
Classical swine fever (CSF) caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a highly contagious and devastating disease. The traditional live attenuated C-strain vaccine is widely used to control disease outbreaks in China. Since 2000, subgenotype 2.1 has become dominant in China. Here, we isolated subgenotype 2.1c and 2.1d strains from CSF-suspected pigs. The genetic variations and pathogenesis of subgenotype 2.1c and 2.1d strains were investigated experimentally. We aimed to evaluate and compare the replication characteristics and clinical signs of subgenotype 2.1c and 2.1d strains with those of the typical highly virulent CSFV SM strain. In PK-15 cells, the three CSFV isolates exhibited similar replication levels but significantly lower replication levels compared with the CSFV SM strain. The experimental animal infection model showed that the pathogenicity of subgenotype 2.1c and 2.1d strains was less than that of the CSFV SM strain. According to the clinical scoring system, subgenotype 2.1c (GDGZ-2019) and 2.1d (HBXY-2019 and GXGG-2019) strains were moderately virulent. This study showed that the pathogenicity of CSFV field strains will aid in the understanding of CSFV biological characteristics and the related epidemiology.
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Hao et al. (2020) studied Classical swine fever. CSFV subgenotype 2.1c and 2.1d strains vs. CSFV SM strain was evaluated on Pathogenicity and replication levels. CSFV subgenotype 2.1c and 2.1d strains exhibited lower replication levels in vitro and less pathogenicity in an experimental animal infection model compared with the highly virulent CSFV SM strain.
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