What question did this study set out to answer?

Synthesize the current understanding of hydration reaction mechanisms, microstructural evolution, and performance bottlenecks in blended cements containing more than 70% blast-furnace slag replacement.

August 5, 2025npj Materials SustainabilityOpen Access

Microstructural insights and technical challenges of effectively adopting high-volume GGBS in blended cements for low-carbon construction

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Synthesize the current understanding of hydration reaction mechanisms, microstructural evolution, and performance bottlenecks in blended cements containing more than 70% blast-furnace slag replacement.
Reviewed experimental evidence detailing slag hydration processes, phase formation of calcium-(alumino)-silicate-hydrate and layered double hydroxides, and mechanical property evolution.
Assessed chemical and physical performance-enhancement methods alongside multiphysics predictive modeling frameworks.
High slag replacement exceeding 70% substantially reduces clinker dependency but causes sluggish early-age hydration kinetics and lower initial strength development.
Slag alters microstructural phase equilibria toward distinctive hydrate assemblages, requiring targeted activation techniques and predictive regional modeling for broad deployment.

Implication

Literature review reveals hydration mechanisms and durability barriers in high-volume slag cements, highlighting strategies to scale low-carbon alternatives to conventional clinker.

Abstract

High-volume blended slag cements (HVBSC), with over 70% GGBS replacement, offer a promising route to reduce clinker use and utilise industrial by-products. This review examines HVBSC hydration mechanisms, reaction products (C-(A)-S-H, LDH), strength development, and durability challenges. Strategies to enhance early-age performance are discussed, alongside the need for multiphysics modelling. A conceptual framework is proposed to guide HVBSC development and scaling in suitable regional contexts.

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Cite This Study

Yue et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9e7ae9100e5eefddacbc4c https://doi.org/10.1038/s44296-025-00070-y

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Implication

Literature review reveals hydration mechanisms and durability barriers in high-volume slag cements, highlighting strategies to scale low-carbon alternatives to conventional clinker.

Microstructural insights and technical challenges of effectively adopting high-volume GGBS in blended cements for low-carbon construction

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Microstructural insights and technical challenges of effectively adopting high-volume GGBS in blended cements for low-carbon construction

Key Points

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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