The last four decades have witnessed a major transformation in urology and endoscopy. In the main, these advances stemmed from two significant developments: the Hopkins rod-lens system, which is the result of inventions by Professor Harold H. Hopkins, 1. Hopkins H.H. Optical principles of the endoscope. in: Berci G. Endoscopy. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York1976 Google Scholar and endoscopic illumination with a light source separated from the endoscope using fiber optic bundles for light transmission (cold light illumination), which was developed by Karl Storz. Modern cystoscopes incorporating both inventions were first created by Storz.
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Cockett et al. (1998) studied this question.