Clinically relevant relaxivity enhancement of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent has been achieved by using prodrug Gd3+ complexes (see picture, DTPA=diethylenetriaminepentaaceto). Enzymatic cleavage of lysine residues from the prodrug exposes a group that has a high affinity to human serum albumin and promotes enhanced relaxivity, thus enabling the detection of targets at submicromolar concentrations.
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Nivorozhkin et al. (2001) studied this question.
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