Heart and lung transplantation

Heart, lung, and heart-lung transplantation is performed for end-stage congenital or acquired disease in children and adults. The major short- and long-term complications are infection and rejection. CT imaging plays a major role contributing to the diagnosis of many early and late complications. Plain chest films still provide a contributory role in continued surveillance. All grades of rejection in both heart and lung transplants require biopsy for tissue diagnosis, irrespective of imaging findings.