Key result
Positive emotional writing significantly reduced state anxiety, trait anxiety, and perceived stress over 4 weeks compared to a control task, with no moderation by Type D personality.
Why the study?
Does positive emotional writing reduce stress, anxiety, and physical symptoms compared to a non-emotive control writing task?
Does positive emotional writing reduce stress, anxiety, and physical symptoms compared to a non-emotive control writing task?
Positive emotional writing is an effective intervention for alleviating stress and anxiety, and may be useful for attenuating adverse psychological effects in individuals with Type D personality.
Positive emotional writing may reduce anxiety and stress independent of Type D personality; leaves open benefits for physical symptoms or specific subtypes.
OBJECTIVES: Type D personality is associated with psychological and physical ill-health. However, there has been limited investigation of the role of Type D personality in interventions designed to enhance well-being. This study investigated associations between Type D personality and the efficacy of positive emotional writing for reducing stress, anxiety, and physical symptoms. DESIGN: A between-subjects longitudinal design was employed. METHOD: = 12.4) completed self-report measures of Type D personality, physical symptoms, perceived stress, and trait anxiety, before completing either (1) positive emotional writing or (2) a non-emotive control writing task, for 20 min per day over three consecutive days. State anxiety was measured immediately before and after each writing session, and self-report questionnaires were again administered 4 weeks post-writing. RESULTS: Participants in the positive emotional writing condition showed significantly greater reductions in (1) state anxiety and (2) both trait anxiety and perceived stress over the 4-week follow-up period, compared to the control group. While these effects were not moderated by Type D personality, a decrease in trait anxiety was particularly evident in participants who reported both high levels of social inhibition and low negative affectivity. Linguistic analysis of the writing diaries showed that Type D personality was positively associated with swear word use, but not any other linguistic categories. CONCLUSION: These findings support the efficacy of positive emotional writing for alleviating stress and anxiety, but not perceived physical symptoms. Swearing may be a coping strategy employed by high Type D individuals. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Type D (distressed) personality is characterized by high levels of both negative affectivity and social inhibition, and has been associated with adverse physical and psychological health. Positive emotional writing is known to reduce subjectively reported physical symptoms and increase positive affect. What does this study add? Positive emotional writing was shown to attenuate (1) state anxiety immediately post-writing, and (2) trait anxiety and perceived stress 4 weeks post-writing. The findings demonstrate that positive writing might be a useful intervention for attenuating the adverse psychological effects of Type D personality in the general population. Type D personality was associated with more frequent use of swear words, which may be a coping mechanism used by high Type D individuals.
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Smith et al. (2018) studied General population. Positive emotional writing vs. Non-emotive control writing task was evaluated on State anxiety, trait anxiety, perceived stress, and physical symptoms. Positive emotional writing significantly reduced state anxiety, trait anxiety, and perceived stress over 4 weeks compared to a control task, with no moderation by Type D personality.
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