Multiply charged dye molecules can be precipitated from water by complexation with oppositely charged surfactants. It is shown that this complex formation occurs with 1:1 stoichiometry in a highly cooperative fashion. The resulting solids show either a gel-like or a supramolecular fibrillar morphology with a very high degree of order on the nanoscale, as evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering and pleochroic behavior under plane-polarized light.
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Faul et al. (2002) studied this question.