Key result
Pure mitral regurgitation has multiple etiologies, including floppy mitral valves and infective endocarditis, whereas over 99% of mitral stenosis is caused by rheumatic disease.
This review outlines the diverse histologic and morphologic etiologies of pure mitral regurgitation compared to the predominantly rheumatic etiology of mitral stenosis.
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Etiology differentiation guides mitral valve assessment; extends morphologic classifications but leaves open regional and temporal shifts.
This two‐part article examines the histologic and morphologic basis for stenotic and purely regurgitant mitral valves. in Part I, conditions producing mitral valve stenosis were reviewed. in over 99% of stenotic mitral valves, the etiology is rheumatic disease. Other rare causes of mitral stenosis include congenitally malformed valves, active infective endocarditis, massive annular calcium, and metabolic or enzymatic abnormalities. in Part II, conditions producing pure mitral regurgitation are discussed. in contrast to the few causes of mitral stenosis, the causes of pure (no element of stenosis) mitral regurgitation are multiple. Some of the conditions producing pure regurgitation include floppy mitral valves, infective endocarditis, papillary muscle dysfunction, rheumatic disease, and ruptured chordae tendineae.
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Waller et al. (1994) conducted a review in Mitral valve stenosis and pure mitral regurgitation. Pure mitral regurgitation has multiple etiologies, including floppy mitral valves and infective endocarditis, whereas over 99% of mitral stenosis is caused by rheumatic disease.
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