Non-Invasive Detection of Respiration and Heart Rate with a Vehicle Seat Sensor

Figures

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  Figure 1. Ford Mustang front passenger seat and seat sensor.

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  Figure 2. Sample respiration rate data processing and measurements for 1-min of data collection at 100 Hz. (a) Raw voltage output from the seat sensor; (b) the filtered breathing signal is shown in blue and the analog benchmark data from the Neulog respiration belt is shown in red. The signals are normalized and each peak, indicated by the stars, represents one breath; (c) the power spectrum for the seat sensor and benchmark data, showing the FFT frequency components composing the normalized signals.

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  Figure 3. Sample heart rate data processing and measurements for 1-min of data collection at 100 Hz. (a) Raw voltage output from the seat sensor; (b) the filtered pulse signal is shown in blue and the analog benchmark data from the Neulog pulse monitor is shown in red. The signals are normalized and each peak, indicated by the stars, represents one breath; (c) the power spectrum for the seat sensor and benchmark data, showing the FFT frequency components composing the normalized signals.

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  Figure 4. Example data from Participant 2 (P2). The respiration (a) and heart (b) rate time courses from the seat sensor using the frequency analysis (FFT) technique.

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  Figure 5. Boxplots of respiration (a) and heart (b) rates derived from the frequency analysis technique for all eleven participants over 30-min data collection.

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  Figure 6. Bland-Altman plots for resting RR (a) and resting HR (b). Difference between seat sensor and Neulog over the average of the two measures. Solid black line shows mean differences and dashed blue lines show 1.96 standard deviation bounds.

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  Figure 7. Bland-Altman plots to show reliability over weight (a) and (b) and over resting rates derived from the mean values over 30 min (c) and (d). Each data point represents the difference between the RR or HR calculated from the seat sensor compared to the Neulog for every time point and every participant. The size and color represent the density of overlapping points.