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By 1999, general principles had also emerged for reconciling the maddening confusion of definitions. These principles helped to differentiate the control of an organism (with continued disease and control measures) from its elimination (absence of disease but requiring continued control measures), eradication (global elimination such that control measures could stop but that could require bio-containment of stocks), and extinction.
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P. L. Roeder (2005) studied this question.
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