Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Structural Uterine Anomaly: A Prospective Observational Study

Introduction: Mullerian anomalies result from embryological maldevelopment of the mullerian ducts.This results from defects during organogenesis like fusion or resorption.They affect 3-4% of the general population, 2-4% of women who are in reproductive age, and up to 5-25% of women who have had unsuccessful pregnancies.The ASRM provides a more straightforward classification for uterine malformation. Aims and objectives:1. To investigate the detrimental effects of uterine malformations on pregnancy outcomes.2. To analyze the influence of uterine malformations on the mode of delivery.3. To evaluate the impact of uterine malformations on neonatal outcomes.4. To examine the effects of uterine malformations throughout the antenatal period.Materials and methods: This is a prospective observational study aimed at evaluating the connection between congenital uterine anomalies and pregnancy outcomes.The research was carried out over one year, encompassing all pregnancies identified with uterine anomalies through ultrasound, attended at our tertiary care facility.All expectant mothers with uterine abnormalities and all those women who were diagnosed with uterine malformation during cesarean section have been included in our research.Pregnant women diagnosed with uterine malformations are monitored till delivery to assess their pregnancy outcomes, any significant events during pregnancy, and instances of termination.The neonatal outcome is examined for birth weight, APGAR score, or other abnormalities. Study design: Prospective observational study. Sample size: 22.Result: In our research, we have observed that the majority of pregnancies involving a malformed uterus occur in women aged 20-30 years, primarily from the lower middle class and with education up to the intermediate level.We also discovered that the majority of pregnant women are either 2nd or 3rd gravida, with a prior unfavorable obstetric history characterized by multiple pregnancy losses.Women who participate in the study from the onset of the first trimester tend to have improved fetal outcomes compared to those diagnosed during an emergency cesarean section.Our research indicated that a majority of pregnant women with uterine malformations had cesarean deliveries, with malpresentation being the primary reason, and most of these births occurred preterm. Discussion and conclusion:The study provides insights into uterine malformations and their detrimental impact on pregnancy.Understanding the severity of uterine malformation enables vigilant monitoring throughout the antenatal period, ensuring appropriate routine investigations, obstetrics scans, and surgical interventions when necessary.