The major problems of conventional intelligent materials include the small output forces and the poor deformability. In this article, we show that by directly utilizing the large specific surface area of a nanoporous material, a high-performance shape memory system can be developed based on the electrocapillary effect. As voltage varies, the pressure in the system can be controlled reversibly. The output energy density and the displacement are much higher than that of piezoelectrics and magnetostrictives.
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Kong et al. (2006) studied this question.
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