Construction and application of machine learning models for predicting intradialytic hypotension

Figures

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  Fig 1. ROC curves of 10 machine learning models for the 5 definitions of IDH. A–E show the ROC curves and ROC-AUC of 10 machine learning models for the 5 definitions of IDH, respectively. ‘Defn1’, ‘Defn2’, ‘Defn3’, ‘Defn4’, and ‘Defn5’ represent the 5 definitions of IDH, respectively. KNN, k-nearest neighbor; LR, Logistic Regression; DT, Decision Tree; ET, Extremely randomized Tree; RF, Random Forest; GBDT, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree; LGBM, Light Gradient Boosting Machine; XGBoost, Extreme Gradient Boosting; AdaBoost, Adaptive Boosting. ROC, Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve; AUC, Area Under Curve.

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  Fig 2. SHAP summary plots of CatBoost models for the 5 definitions of IDH. A–E show the SHAP summary plots of CatBoost models for the 5 definitions of IDH, respectively. The top 20 features in order of importance are shown in the plots, and the horizontal coordinates in the plots are the SHAP values. A dot is created for the SHAP value of each feature for each HD session, with red indicating high feature values and blue indicating low feature values. The more positive a point’s SHAP value is, the more positively it affects the prediction, and conversely, the more negative a point’s SHAP value is, the more negatively it affects the prediction.

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  Fig 3. ROC curves of the simplified CatBoost models for the 5 definitions of IDH. A–E show the ROC curves and ROC-AUC of the simplified CatBoost models for the 5 definitions of IDH, respectively. ‘Defn1’, ‘Defn2’, ‘Defn3’, ‘Defn4’, and ‘Defn5’ represent the 5 definitions of IDH, respectively. ‘3f’, ‘7f’, ‘8f’, and ‘11f’ represent the simplified CatBoost models with 3 features, 7 features, 8 features, and 11 features, respectively. ‘44f’ represents the original CatBoost model (with 44 features). ROC, Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve; AUC, Area Under Curve.

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  Fig 4. Model validation (ROC curves) of the original CatBoost models and the simplified CatBoost models for the 5 definitions of IDH. A and B show the model validation (ROC curves and ROC-AUC) results of the original CatBoost models and the simplified CatBoost models for the 5 definitions of IDH, respectively. ‘Defn1’, ‘Defn2’, ‘Defn3’, ‘Defn4’, and ‘Defn5’ represent the 5 definitions of IDH, respectively. ‘11f’ represents the simplified CatBoost model (with 11 features), and ‘44f’ represents the original CatBoost model (with 44 features). ROC, Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve; AUC, Area Under Curve.

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  Fig 5. Input-Output Demonstration of the IDH Prediction System.