Acquisition, Properties, and Application of Nanosized Magnesium Oxide Powders: An Overview

This review is devoted to describing the main synthesis methods, the properties of MgO nanoparticles, and their areas of application, such as the creation of coatings for transformer and other types of steels, coatings on glass to control the energy of transmitted solar radiation, the creation of transparent and translucent one-component ceramics, the creation of multicomponent ceramic compositions, in medicine to make antibacterial agents, etc. The main methods of obtaining MgO nanoceramics are considered: sintering at low temperatures under high pressure, high-temperature sintering, the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method, and obtaining MgO melt in plasma in a cooled crucible followed by crystallization and the formation of dense ceramics. It is shown that variations in the conditions for the synthesis of nanosized MgO powders make it possible to obtain precursors that, upon sintering, form ceramics with a density close to the theoretical one.