Genomic ancestry, behavior, and the domestication of the dog

It has been exactly 25 years since the first dog genetic maps were published and 20 years since the first dog genome sequence, a boxer, was released.The domestication of dogs was a landmark in human history, and the details of that process are key to understanding fundamental principles of evolution, domestication, and behavior.Dogs also provide the foundation for studies aimed at using canine phenotypes for studies of human health.While many millions of dogs exist as more than 350 recognized breeds, there are also an untold number of nonbreed, globally distributed village dog populations that are not under intense human selection.This special feature comprises a total of eight articles, more than half of which explore the extent and effects of genomic introgression between wolves and dogs, offering new insights and intriguing directions for future research.In addition, four studies investigate the genetic basis for different dog behaviors.The studies included in this special feature address a kaleidoscope of important issues in the evolution of dogs, the development of breeds, and the challenges faced in exploiting the novelties of canines.Each article is intended to be a launching point for discussion and experimentation.The issue highlights the convergence of multiple fields, will likely generate some controversy, and presents data that will advance the study of canines.