A high electrostrictive strain (∼0.1%) with hysteresis-free behavior is observed in (Sr,Na,Bi)TiO3 solid solutions. Its strain versus polarization (P) completely follows the quadratic relation (see Figure), indicating a purely electrostrictive effect with an electrostrictive coefficient Q11 of 0.02 m4 C–2. These properties of this environmentally friendly lead-free material are comparable with those of the currently used lead-containing materials.
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Zhi Yu (2005) studied this question.
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