The lifetime and degradation mechanism of the multilayer ceramic actuator (MCA) were studied. The effects of temperature, humidity and load on the lifetime of the MCA under high DC or 50 Hz unipolar AC voltages are discussed. The logarithm of the lifetime had a linear relationship with the logarithm of the electric field. The lifetime decreased as the applied voltage was increased, along with increased temperature and humidity. The main causes of MCA degradation were concluded to be vibration and isolated destruction.
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Thongrueng et al. (1998) studied this question.
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