Key result
Higher educational level and income were associated with a greater likelihood of receiving lifestyle recommendations for high cholesterol and hypertension, with dietary advice given to 94.5% and 88.1% overall.
Why the study?
Whether lifestyle recommendations for cardiovascular risk factors are provided irrespective of socio-economic status has not been recently assessed in the Brazilian population.
Does socio-economic status (educational level and income) affect the likelihood of receiving lifestyle recommendations for cardiovascular risk factors in the Brazilian population?
Cross-Sectional (n=88,052)
Yes
Does socio-economic status (educational level and income) affect the likelihood of receiving lifestyle recommendations for cardiovascular risk factors in the Brazilian population?
Better-educated and wealthier Brazilians report receiving lifestyle recommendations for high cholesterol and hypertension more frequently than those with lower education or income, highlighting socioeconomic disparities in preventive cardiovascular care.
Higher-SES Brazilians more often receive lifestyle advice for hypercholesterolemia and hypertension; observational data leave open whether closing gaps improves equity or outcomes.
Background: Management of cardiovascular risk factors (high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension) should start by implementing a healthy lifestyle. Whereas lifestyle recommendations are provided irrespective of the patient's socio-economic status has not been recently assessed in the Brazilian population. Aims: To assess the preventive measures against cardiovascular risk factors according to educational level and income in the Brazilian population. Methods: Survey data of the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS). The PNS is a nationwide household-based survey carried out by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The PNS included face-to-face interviews and collected information on lifestyle management of high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension by a healthy diet, an adequate weight, exercise, and quitting smoking. The participant's educational level and income (in multiples of the basic salary per capita) was collected. Results: Of the 88,052 participants included, 13,151 (14.9%), 6,986 (7.9%) and 22,516 (25.6%) reported being diagnosed with high cholesterol, diabetes, or hypertension, respectively. Dietary recommendations were the most frequently provided (94.5%, 94.6% and 88.1% for high cholesterol diabetes, and hypertension, respectively), while recommendations to quit smoking to current smokers were the least frequently provided (74.9%, 85.8% and 81.1% for high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension, respectively). After multivariable adjustment, participants with a higher educational level or a higher income had a higher likelihood of reporting receipt lifestyle recommendations for high cholesterol or hypertension, while no associations were found for most recommendations for diabetes. Conclusion: Better-educated, wealthier Brazilians report receiving more lifestyle recommendations regarding high cholesterol and hypertension management more frequently than lower-educated or with low-income.
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Patriota et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular risk factors (high cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension) (n=88,052). Higher educational level and income vs. Lower educational level and income was evaluated on Receipt of lifestyle recommendations (diet, weight, exercise, quitting smoking). Higher educational level and income were associated with a greater likelihood of receiving lifestyle recommendations for high cholesterol and hypertension, with dietary advice given to 94.5% and 88.1% overall.
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