Key result
High family income was associated with lower prevalences of cardiovascular risk factors, including metabolic syndrome in women and sedentarism in men.
Why the study?
While high socioeconomic status is linked to lower cardiovascular risk in high-income countries, findings in middle- and low-income countries remain controversial.
Does high family income associate with lower cardiovascular risk factors in young adults in Brazil?
Cross-Sectional (n=2,063)
No
Does high family income associate with lower cardiovascular risk factors in young adults in Brazil?
High socioeconomic status is associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in young Brazilian adults, with a more pronounced effect in women.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Supports equity-focused CV screening in lower-income young Brazilians; leaves open causality and needs longitudinal confirmation.
INTRODUCTION: In high-income countries, persons of high socioeconomic status (SES) have a lower cardiovascular risk. However, in middle and low-income countries, the results are controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between family income and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults. METHODS: A total of 2,063 individuals of a birth cohort initiated in 1978/79 in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, were evaluated at age of 23/25 years. Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high fibrinogen, insulin resistance, diabetes, abdominal and total obesity, and metabolic syndrome) were evaluated according to family income. Income was assessed in multiples of the minimum wage. Simple Poisson regression models were used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PR) with robust estimation of the variance. RESULTS: High-income women showed lower prevalences of low HDL-cholesterol (PR = 0.47), total obesity (PR = 0.22), abdominal obesity (PR = 0.28), high blood pressure (PR = 0.28), insulin resistance (PR = 0.57), sedentary lifestyle (PR = 0.47), metabolic syndrome (PR = 0.24), and high caloric intake (PR = 0.71) (p < 0.05). High-income men showed lower prevalences of low HDL-cholesterol (PR = 0.73) and sedentarism (PR = 0.81) (p < 0.05). These results may be explained by the fact that high-income women pay more attention to healthy habits and those with the lowest family income are least likely to access health services resources and treatments. CONCLUSION: Women were in the final phase of the epidemiologic transition, whereas men were in the middle phase.
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Silva et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular risk factors (n=2,063). High family income vs. Low family income was evaluated on Cardiovascular risk factors (including metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypertension, and low HDL-cholesterol) (PR 0.24 (for metabolic syndrome in women), p=<0.05). High family income was associated with lower prevalences of cardiovascular risk factors, including metabolic syndrome in women and sedentarism in men.
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