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Dysnatremia is a common, frequently hospital-acquired disorder in critically ill patients that confers increased risk for adverse outcomes, though simplified consensus treatment strategies have emerged.
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Dysnatremia is common in the ICU, often hospital-acquired, and associated with adverse outcomes, highlighting the need for prevention and early recognition.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dysnatremias, disorders of sodium concentration, are exceedingly common in critically ill patients and confer increased risk for adverse outcomes including mortality. The physiology that underpins the diagnosis and management of these disorders is complex. This review seeks to discuss current literature regarding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, epidemiology, and management of these disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: The role of arginine vasopressin in the maintenance of normal and pathologic plasma osmolality increasingly is refined, improving our ability to diagnose and understand dysnatremia. Identified recent epidemiologic studies highlight the frequent hospital acquisition or exacerbation of dysnatremia, confirm the recognized adverse consequences and explore the potential causality. Despite the complex nature of these disorders, simple consensus treatment strategies have emerged. SUMMARY: Dysnatremia remains a common disorder across the spectrum of critically ill patients. It is frequently hospital acquired. Simplified treatment regimens are proposed and the potential for prevention or earlier recognition and intervention is emphasized. Future directions of interest include further exploration of how dysnatremia contributes to adverse outcomes and new treatment strategies.
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Pokaharel et al. (2011) conducted a review in Dysnatremia in critically ill patients. Dysnatremia management and diagnosis was evaluated. Dysnatremia is a common, frequently hospital-acquired disorder in critically ill patients that confers increased risk for adverse outcomes, though simplified consensus treatment strategies have emerged.
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