The use of flame photometers has greatly simplified and expedited the estimation of sodium and potassium. Calcium is one of the elements which it is possible to determine by flame photo-metry, but little advantage has been taken of this fact in biological work for a number of reasons. The concentration of calcium in extracellular fluids is usually less than that of potassium; a given quantity of calcium in a coal gas-air or butane-air flame emits much less light than an equivalent quantity of potassium, and the emission is more readily interfered with by the presence of other ions than is that produced by either sodium or potassium. Flame photometers differ in the
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F.J.N. Powell (1953) studied this question.
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