Trace Element Deposition on Mount Everest

The objective of this study of the North Ridge of Everest was to examine trace element concentrations and altitudinal trends in soil and snow. Mount Everest was selected because its remote location and extreme elevation isolates it from localized pollution sources. Soil samples were collected on the Rongbuk glacier of Mount Everest (Qomolangma) from 5334 to 6553 m, and fresh surface snow samples (0–10 cm) were collected along the climbing route of the northeast ridge from 6858 m to 7752 m. The samples were analyzed for Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, As, Mn, Hg, and V using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. Results show that As and Cd are both above USEPA drinking water guidelines in all snow samples, and arsenic is above the USEPA soil screening guidelines in all soil samples. There was a clear trend in element variation in the soil samples, with the highest concentrations found at 5944 m. There was no clear trend detected in the snow samples, possibly due to vertical mixing of surface snow. Anthropogenic sources are suspected to have contributed to the elevated concentrations of both cadmium and arsenic.