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Twofold Perkin condensation of 2,5-dibromophenylene-1,4-diacetic acid with arylglyoxylic acids followed by cyclo-dehydrobromination leads to dipyreno- and diperyleno-anthracene tetraesters and diimides. The imides show surprisingly large absorption shifts versus the esters, illustrating that electron-withdrawing substituents at the anthracene unit efficiently impart long wavelength absorption in such electron-deficient graphene nanoribbon fragments.
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Sarkar et al. (2013) studied this question.
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