Key result
In patients with tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic pulmonary arteries were the most frequent pulmonary artery abnormality (15.2%), and patent ductus arteriosus was the most common associated defect (42.1%).
Why the study?
The study was conducted to identify echocardiographic findings in patients with tetralogy of Fallot prior to total corrective surgery at a tertiary care hospital.
What are the common echocardiographic findings in patients with tetralogy of Fallot prior to total corrective surgery?
Cross-Sectional (n=197)
No
What are the common echocardiographic findings in patients with tetralogy of Fallot prior to total corrective surgery?
Transthoracic echocardiography effectively identifies key anatomical variations and associated anomalies such as PDA and ASD in patients with tetralogy of Fallot prior to corrective surgery.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May inform preoperative echocardiography planning in tetralogy of Fallot; leaves open prospective validation of these frequencies.
Objective: To find out echocardiographic findings in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) prior to total corrective surgery admitted at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Karachi. Period: January 2021 to December 2021. Material & Methods: A total of 197 echocardiography confirmed TOF cases of both genders and age up to any years were included. Physical examination, chest radiography and electrocardiogram were done in each patient prior to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) using Toshiba Aplio i600 using 5 Hz and 6 Hz transducers. Standard protocols were followed in all TTE procedures. Results: In a total of 197 patients with TOF, there were 121 (61.4%) male. Mean age was 8.36±10.12 years. Hypoplastic pulmonary arteries was the most frequent pulmonary artery abnormality observed in 30 (15.2%) cases. Thickened and domed pulmonic valve was the most common pulmonary valvular anomaly noted in 89 (45.2%). Associated “atrial septal defect (ASD)” was observed in 47 (23.9%) cases while “patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)” was seen in 83 (42.1%) patients. History of past “Blalock and Taussig (BT) Shunt” performed was found in 20 (10.2%) cases, out of which, 15 were functioning. Conclusion: Echocardiography is an inexpensive and safe approach to cardiac evaluation among patients of tetralogy of fallot. Hypoplastic pulmonary arteries was the most frequent pulmonary artery abnormality observed in tetralogy of Fallot patients. PDA was the most frequent associated abnormality followed by associated ASD.
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Ain et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Tetralogy of Fallot (n=197). Tetralogy of Fallot was evaluated on Echocardiographic findings (pulmonary artery abnormalities, pulmonary valve anomalies, associated defects). In patients with tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic pulmonary arteries were the most frequent pulmonary artery abnormality (15.2%), and patent ductus arteriosus was the most common associated defect (42.1%).
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